However, continue to include the year in all parenthetical citations:Į.g., Meyer (2016) reported that Type 2 diabetes was primarily due to obesity and lack of exercise in people who are genetically predisposed. Subsequent narrative citations: Meyer discovered… She noticed that… Once you have used a narrative citation in a paragraph, do not repeat the year in subsequent narrative citations in that same paragraph.įirst narrative citation in paragraph: Meyer (2016) found that… Repeating in-text citations in a paragraph For a single page, use the abbreviation “p.” and for multiple pages, use the abbreviation “pp.”ĭ. When using a direct quotation, always provide the author, year, and page number in the in-text citation. You can add a comma after the year, and then insert the page number.

When there is a group author with an abbreviation (such as an organization), define the abbreviation only in the first citation, and for all subsequent citations use the abbreviation.įirst citation: (Canadian Mental Health Association, 2019)įirst citation: The Canadian Mental Health Association (CMHA, 2019)…Īlthough it is not necessary to provide a page or paragraph number in the citation for a paraphrase, you can include one to help readers find the relevant passage in a long work, such as a book. When there are three or more authors, use “et al.” in the parenthetical citation and in the sentence. When there are two authors, use the ampersand (&) in the parenthetical citation, but not in the sentence. In-text citations: more than one author and group authors For an article title use quotation marks, and for a book title use italics.ī. If there is no author, use the ﬁrst words from the title of the article or book.In some cases, the author and date might both appear in the narrative.Include an in-text citation in the text immediately following the information that is being referenced.In narrative citations, the author appears in the text of the sentence and the date appears in parentheses immediately after the author name.This hypothesis was tested (Smith, 2010).Include the author's last name and year of publication, separated by a comma and enclosed in brackets.In parenthetical citations, the author name and year of publication appear in parentheses.In-text citations have two formats: parenthetical and narrative.Parenthetical and narrative in-text citations

Apa in text citation with no author